04 Material Engineering Questions for PSUs (Sorted from internet)

1. What is the difference between a ductile material and a brittle material?
• Ductile materials can undergo significant plastic deformation before failure, while brittle materials fail without undergoing appreciable plastic deformation.
2. Explain the concept of stress and strain.
• Stress is the internal resistance of a material to external forces, while strain is the measure of deformation resulting from the applied stress.
3. What are the different types of material testing methods?
• The different types of material testing methods include tensile testing, hardness testing, impact testing, and fatigue testing.
4. How does the microstructure of a material affect its properties?
• The microstructure of a material, which includes its grain size, phase distribution, and defects, can significantly influence its mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.
5. What is the difference between a composite material and a homogeneous material?
• A composite material is made up of two or more distinct constituents with different properties, while a homogeneous material has the same properties throughout.
6. Explain the concept of fatigue failure in materials.
• Fatigue failure occurs when a material fails under repeated or fluctuating loading, even though the applied stress may be below its ultimate strength.
7. What are the different types of corrosion?
• The different types of corrosion include uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, pitting corrosion, and crevice corrosion.
8. How does the addition of alloying elements affect the properties of a material?
• The addition of alloying elements can alter the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of a material by changing its microstructure and phase distribution.
9. What is the difference between a thermoplastic and a thermosetting material?
• A thermoplastic material can be melted and re-molded multiple times without significant degradation, while a thermosetting material undergoes a chemical reaction during curing and cannot be re-molded.
10. Explain the concept of creep in materials.
• Creep is the time-dependent deformation that occurs in a material under a constant load or stress, typically at high temperatures.
11. What are the different methods of heat treatment for steels?
• The different methods of heat treatment for steels include annealing, quenching, tempering, and normalizing, each used to achieve specific properties.
12. How does the presence of impurities affect the properties of a material?
• The presence of impurities can weaken the mechanical properties of a material, increase its susceptibility to corrosion, and alter its electrical conductivity.
13. What is the difference between a ferrous material and a non-ferrous material?
• A ferrous material contains iron as its main constituent, while a non-ferrous material does not contain iron.
14. Explain the concept of phase diagrams in materials.
• Phase diagrams represent the relationships between the different phases of a material (such as solid, liquid, and gas) as a function of temperature and composition.
15. What is the role of grain boundaries in materials?
• Grain boundaries can influence the mechanical properties of a material by acting as barriers to dislocation movement and affecting the material's strength and ductility.
16. How does the presence of defects, such as dislocations and vacancies, affect the properties of a material?
• The presence of defects can significantly influence the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of a material by affecting its strength, ductility, and conductivity.
17. What are the different types of non-destructive testing methods?
• The different types of non-destructive testing methods include ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, magnetic particle testing, and liquid penetrant testing.
18. Explain the concept of work hardening in materials.
• Work hardening, also known as strain hardening, is the process by which a material becomes stronger and more brittle as it is plastically deformed.
19. What is the difference between a primary and a secondary phase in a material?
• A primary phase is the first phase to form during solidification or phase transformation, while a secondary phase forms after the primary phase has already formed.
20. How does the composition of a material affect its corrosion resistance?

• The composition of a material can affect its corrosion resistance by influencing the formation of protective oxide layers and its ability to passivate in a corrosive environment. 

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